Manganese cycle

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The manganese cycle is the movement and transformation of manganese among rocks, soils, water, sediments, the atmosphere, and organisms. Manganese is an essential trace element and a major component of many oxide minerals.

Its environmental behaviour is controlled strongly by oxidation and reduction. Oxidised manganese commonly forms insoluble oxides, while reduced manganese is more soluble and mobile in water.

Microorganisms accelerate both oxidation and reduction and help form manganese nodules, crusts, and sedimentary deposits. Manganese oxides also adsorb and transport many other metals and nutrients.

Weathering, rivers, dust, hydrothermal vents, sediment burial, uplift, and erosion connect the reservoirs. Mining, industry, wastewater, and changes in oxygen conditions can alter local manganese cycling.

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• Source / publisher: Wikipedia
• URL type: WWW
• Credits: Wikipedia
• URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_cycle